Surgery, Gastroenterology and Oncology

Artificial intelligence (AI) canbeusedtoimprovesurgicalservices at allstages, preoperative, intra-operative, and post-operative. In the pre-operative stage, AI canbeusedtodetect a disease, classifydiseases, segment theresults of radiologicalexaminations, facilitate theprocess of registeringpatient data, provideadvice in decision-making, andprovideprognosispredictions for theresults of surgicalprocedurestobeperformed. At the intra-operative stage, AI canbeusedto generate 3D reconstructionsduringthesurgicalprocess, improvenavigationcapabilitiesduring endoscopic procedures, provideti....[more]

Introduction: In Bulgaria, the incidence of invasive cervical cancer is one of the highest

in Europe. The underlying issue is the lack of well-organized and functioning screening in general, but especially the lack of primary HPV screening.

Objective: To determine an adequate screening approach for the selection of patients with high-grade cervical lesions (HSIL/CIN 2-3) and the potential of colposcopic examination for the diagnosis of HSIL/CIN 2-3

Materials and Methods: From September 2022 to June 2023, 55 patients underwent screening ....[more]

Introduction: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common malignancy in female genital tract. The prognostic factors that influence the evolution of endometrial cancer are: age, histological type, depth of myometrial invasion, degree of differentiation, lymphovascular and lymphogenic involvement. Although the prognosis is relatively good for patients with low grade morphology and early stages of the disease small percentage of patients develop recurrence, which cannot be predicted at moment of diagnosis. Aim: This study purposed to estimate Ck19 and CD44 expression....[more]

Background: To compare the effectiveness of patent blue dye and technetium-99m colloid for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer patients regarding detection rate, aesthetic outcomes, and complications.

Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Baghdad and Warth hospitals from November 2020 till April 2023. Eighty female patients with breast cancer who underwent breast conservation surgery and SLNB using either patent blue dye or technetium-99m colloid were included. The outcomes of interest were detect....[more]

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is a common operation in abdominal surgery. Injury to bile duct during LC is still relatively high. The emerging fluorescence-based intraoperative near-infrared cholangiography by Indocyanine green (ICG) and intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC) are mainly two intraoperative imaging techniques to delineate extra-hepatic biliary tree during LC.

Material and Methods: This prospective non randomized clinical study included 50 consecutive patients underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy with n....[more]

Background: The fast-track program of laparoscopic cholecystectomy has proven its efficacy in elective surgery and could hypothetically improve outcomes in acute settings.

Materials and Methods: The fast-track protocol included minimizing drain use; local anesthesia; low-pressure pneumoperitoneum; early mobilization and oral diet. The primary outcome was postoperative pain, length of stay (pLOS), and the total cost. ZnO-Agar nanocomposite was synthesized by a microwave method.

Results: Modified protocol reduced med....[more]

Introduction: Acute appendicitis is one of the most frequent and challenging surgical emergencies, and can lead to perforation and peritonitis, which are concomitant with high mortality and morbidity. The epidemiology and natural course of acute appendicitis are still obscured. Therefore, the aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of appendicitis among patients registered in Dammam Medical Center as a retrospective cohort study. The data was collected from admission records in surgical department of DMC during the period October 2020 – October 2023.....[more]

Background: Laparoscopic extra-levator abdomino-perineal excision (eLAPE) performed in the prone position has shown potential benefits for local recurrence and metastasis rates by reducing intraoperative perforation and positive circumferential resection margin outcomes.

Materials and Methods: Short-term results of Laparoscopic Extra-levator abdomino-perineal excision in the prone position in the treatment of low rectal cancer from December 2018 to June 2023, with 45 patients underwent eLAPE.

Results: The median ag....[more]

Background: In patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (N0), this study compared of unilateral versus bilateral prophylactic central neck dissection on postoperative complications. Also, patients were followed up on postoperative central lymph nodes histopathology to identify the incidence of occult central lymph nodes metastasis on each side independently.

Material and Methods: From April 2022 to April 2024, the study was carried out in Ain Shams University hospitals. Two groups (A & B) were created by randomly dividing fifty patien....[more]

Background: Ultrasonography and FNAC are two simple methods for diagnosing thyroid nodules. Both of them have false positive, false negative results and also have different sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy if they are compared with final histopathology.

Patients and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among 495 patients of NCI, Cairo University, aged (9-89) with a female/male (F/M) ratio of 4:1 during the period from 2016 to 2021 to assess the validity of neck ultrasound and FNAC to diagnose thyroid cancer through ....[more]

Liver transplantation is an option for patients with genetic metabolic diseases, including familial hypercholesterolemia. We report now the results of a domino liver transplantation (DLT) performed 23 years ago: the domino donor was a 25-year-old female with familial hypercholesterolemia (that had failed medical therapies for FH). She received the right hemiliver and segment I and IV from a cadaveric donor (segments II and III were transplanted to a child with type I glycogenosis), while the liver of the patient with familial hypercholesterolemia was transplanted to a 46-year-old ....[more]

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare malignancies that often metastasize to lymph nodes and the liver. Involvement of the breast as a metastatic site is exceptionally uncommon. This article presents the case of a female patient who underwent a right hemicolectomy for an ileal NET. One year later, a breast metastasis was found and the patient was submitted to a lumpectomy. The tumor cells were positive for chromogranin, synaptophysin and CDX-2. Distinguishing between primary breast NETs and metastatic NETs to the breast may be challenging and with utmost importance, due to the dif....[more]